Open Riser Stairs: Design Rules, Safety Codes, and Remodel Decisions

Josh McGrath

July 16, 2026

Key Takeaways

Open riser stairs remove the vertical riser between treads, creating a more open visual structure.
Safety depends on tread depth, railing design, and compliance with local building codes.
Not all existing staircases can be converted without structural evaluation.
Closed riser stairs are generally more forgiving for safety and code compliance.
Tread system choice influences whether retrofit or full replacement is appropriate.

What Are Open Riser Stairs?

Open riser stairs are stair systems where the vertical riser between each tread is removed. This creates a visible gap between steps and allows light to pass through the staircase. They are commonly used in modern residential design but must still comply with safety and building codes.

How Open Riser Stairs Work

Instead of a vertical riser, the tread is supported by structural stringers or a central support system. Removing risers changes load distribution and requires careful engineering to maintain stability and safety.

Building Code Requirements

Most US residential codes require that the open space between treads is small enough to prevent a child from passing through. Guardrails and handrails are also required. Local jurisdictions may enforce stricter limits.

Safety Considerations

Open riser stairs can create depth perception challenges and increase fall risk compared to closed risers. Proper lighting, consistent tread spacing, and secure handrails help reduce risk.

Open Riser Vs Closed Riser Vs Hybrid

Closed riser stairs:

- Fully enclosed between treads

- Higher safety perception

- Traditional appearance

Open riser stairs:

- No vertical riser

- Modern visual style

- More open light flow

Hybrid stairs:

- Partial risers or mixed systems

- Balance between safety and design

Can Existing Stairs Be Converted?

Some stairs can be converted, but it depends on structural conditions. If stringers are not designed for open load paths, reinforcement or full rebuild may be required.

Materials And Tread Considerations

Wood is the most common material for stair treads. Hardwood provides durability and stability. In remodel scenarios, tread replacement systems should be evaluated before removing risers.